Enter the stretchshortening cycle, or ssc, which creates elastic energy in the muscle. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 17, 6067. These findings suggest that the use of serial stretch loading could improve muscular performance and enhance a muscles potential for dynamic stabilization. The stretchshortening cycle ssc is a phenomenon characterized by the enhancement of power production in a concentric muscle action preceded by active muscle stretching eccentric muscle action in comparison with the same concentric action preceded by a. Prior to and after the training period the subjects static flexibility, sec stiffness, rebound bench press rbp, and purely. This appears to provide more strength and power for activities like throwing and jumping. Describing the stretch shortening cycle and how you can. The relationship between knee joint angle, stretchshorten. The basic muscle function is defined as the stretchshortening cycle ssc, where the preactivated muscle is first stretched eccentric action and then followed by the. Recently we discussed the role of the movement at the start of the downswing some refer to as zx factor stretch xfs. The effects of serial stretch loading on stretch work and. Stored elastic energy neuromuscular and proprioceptive mechanisms.
The stretch shortening cycle ssc of muscle function comes from the observation that body segments are periodically subjected to impact or stretch forces. Ettema2 1school of exercise science and sports management, southern cross university, lismore, new south wales 2480. The stretch shortening cycle ssc employs the energy storage capabilities of the elastic components sec and stimulation of the stretch reflex to facilitate a maximal increase in muscle recruitment over a minimal amount of time. There are several physiological properties that play a role in the ssc. Stretchshortening cycle ssc in human skeletal muscle gives unique possibilities to study normal and fatigued muscle function. The stretch shortening cycle ssc is the physiological mechanism involving an eccentric muscular and tissue stretch, followed by an amplified concentric contraction. Based on the results of these previous studies, possible mechanisms of force enhancement by ssc ssc effect have. This pattern is called the stretchshortening cycle, as the muscle is lengthened while actively working prior to shortening. Stretchshorten cycle ssc capability is fundamental to many sporting activities. Optimal stiffness of series elastic component in a stretch. There is the muscle spindle wants to speed up contraction, the golgi tendon wants to slow down contraction, the muscular. Understanding stretch shorten cycle capability in adolescence.
Tennis forehand technique advanced stretch shortening cycle. A stretchshorten cycle ssc is an active stretch of a muscle followed by an immediate shortening of that same muscle. For youths, the biological maturity may not necessarily coincide with the chronological age. Ettema2 1school of exercise science and sports management, southern cross university, lismore. The stretchshortening cycle ssc is a fairly wellaccepted theory in exercise science that has a boring definition of a stretchshortening cycle ssc can be defined as an active stretch eccentric contraction of a muscle followed by an immediate shortening concentric contraction of that same muscle. Pdf stretchshortening cycle characteristics during vertical jumps. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the change in knee joint angle, representing the stretch shorten cycle and the jump distance of elite ski jumpers. The stretchshortening cycle ssc of muscle function. Examining the stretch shortening cycle by larry strong larry strong is a senior at east carolina university and is currently enrolled in the athletic lab coach apprenticseship program have you ever wondered why you can jump so much higher when you. Xfs as it is referred to by some is an example of a stretch shortening cycle. The use of elastic and reactive properties of a muscle to generate force production.
This pattern is called the stretch shortening cycle, as the muscle is lengthened while actively working prior to shortening. Newton1 1school of exercise, biomedical and health sciences, edith cowan university, perth, australia. The basic muscle function is defined as the stretchshortening cycle ssc, where the preactivated muscle is first stretched eccentric. The stretch shortening cycle and plyometric training tony leyland of 5 i recently overhead a new crossfit trainee mention that the kipping pullup he was being taught was kind of cheating. A stretch shortening cycle ssc is a combination of an eccentric and a concentric muscle action. Does force enhancement occur during the stretchshorten cycle. The basic muscle function is defined as the stretchshortening cycle ssc, where the preactivated muscle is first stretched eccentric action and then followed by the shortening concentric action. Fit father project fitness for busy fathers recommended for you.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the change in knee joint angle, representing the stretchshorten cycle and the jump distance of elite ski jumpers. The function of neuromuscular system in maximal stretch. Running, walking and hopping are typical examples in human. The stretch shortening cycle, or ssc, is a commonly used facet of exercise responsible for many of the observable phenomena in exercise. The ssc involves three distinct phases phase i is the eccentric phase, which involves preloading the muscle groups. The purpose of this study was to compare 4 methods that assess the lowerbody stretchshortening cycle ssc utilization of athletes. This prestretch allows the athlete to produce more force and move quicker. After the muscle stretches, it immediately shortens in a concentric motion, generating power for a push, throw, or other movement. Changes in the eccentric phase contribute to improved stretchshorten cycle performance after training prue cormie1, michael r. The stretchshortening cycle ssc of muscle function comes from the observation that body segments are periodically subjected to impact or stretch forces. Cutting from right to left when playing a sport or performing a dropdown counter movement before jumping are also examples of stretchshortening cycles.
Apr 07, 2014 the 8 best fat loss exercises for men over 40 try these today duration. The stretch shortening cycle is a simple yet complex task to perform. However, none of these actions are naturally occurring in human or animal ground locomotion. The relationship between knee joint angle, stretch shorten. Using the stretch shortening cycle for improved efficiency. Hi guys, so one thing to keep in mind when were trying to get a lot of speed is something called the stretchshortening cycle, and this is how your body works, your muscles work to fire at their maximum capacity and you get the most amount of speed. Frontiers the effect of the stretchshortening cycle in. The contraction modalities in a stretchshortening cycle in. The in vivo force measurement systems, buckle transducer technique and optic fiber technique, have revealed that, as compared to a pure concentric action, a nonfatiguing ssc exercise demonstrates considerable performance enhancement with increased force at a given. Data were obtained pertaining to 1 the benefits to concentric motion derived from a prior stretch and 2 the movement frequency adopted during performance of the stretchshorten cycle ssc portion of the rebound bench press lift.
A stretchshortening cycle ssc is an active stretch eccentric contraction of a muscle followed. However, the degree to which it affects the efficiency of movement, especially between men and women, is not well understood. This stretch shorten cycle ssc occurs naturally in running, jumping, and all other activities in which muscles are suddenly stretched by impact or other external forces. Stretch shortening cycle ssc in human skeletal muscle gives unique possibilities to study normal and fatigued muscle function. Neuromuscular fatigue has traditionally been examined using isolated forms of either isometric, concentric or eccentric actions. Stretchshortening cycle definition of stretchshortening.
Stretchshortening cycle paavo v komi the nature of the stretch shortening cycle in chapter 1 muscle exercises were classified primarily into static and dynamic types. Changes in the eccentric phase contribute to improved. Muscle force is potentiated by preliminary eccentric contraction. Individually, the two muscle actions have been shown to be history dependent.
Nine of the subjects participated in two sessions of flexibility training twice per week for 8 wk. Stretchshorten cycle compared with isometric preload. Choose from 3 different sets of stretch shortening cycle flashcards on quizlet. Mar 11, 2017 the stretch shortening cycle ssc is the physiological mechanism involving an eccentric muscular and tissue stretch, followed by an amplified concentric contraction. Today were going to be talking about how the body works to create speed. The stretchshortening cycle and plyometric training crossfit. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
This crosssectional study aims to compare the differences between the countermovement jump cmj and concentric only squat jump sj no arm swing and examine the differences and slow ssc ability of youths at different stages of maturation prepubescent. This stretchshorten cycle ssc occurs naturally in running, jumping, and all other activities in which muscles are suddenly stretched by impact or other external forces. Rather than cheating, kipping is just one example of an athlete utilizing this natural mechanical response. Data were obtained pertaining to 1 the benefits to concentric motion derived from a prior stretch and 2 the movement frequency adopted during performance of the stretch shorten cycle ssc portion of the rebound bench press lift. The in vivo force measurement systems, buckle transducer technique and optic fiber technique, have revealed that, as compared to a pure concentric action, a nonfatiguing ssc exercise demonstrates considerable performance enhancement with. Understanding stretchshorten cycle ability in youth. Its called the stretch shortening cycle i know it sounds like a painful yoga pose. Mar 30, 2020 initially, the stretch shortening cycle involves an eccentric movement, where the muscle lengthens and stretches out. Stretchshorten cycle ssc golf loopy play your golf. The stretchshortening cycle and plyometric training.
To date, there have been numerous studies on the ssc potentiation in adults, however, there are very few studies of ssc potentiation in youths. Prior to and after the training period the subjects static flexibility, sec stiffness, rebound bench press. An example can be seen in the windup used before throwing a ball in some sports. A stretch shortening cycle ssc is an active stretch eccentric contraction of a muscle followed by an immediate shortening concentric contraction of that same muscle. The basic muscle function is defined as the stretch shortening cycle ssc, where the preactivated muscle is first stretched eccentric action and then followed by the. It is hypothesized that the stretchshorten cycle would occur and result in a.
Muscular forces can be enhanced when the muscle is stretched causing eccentric tension immediately before concentric contraction. Cutting from right to left when playing a sport or performing a dropdown countermovement before jumping are also examples of stretchshortening cycles. Factors of force potentiation induced by stretchshortening. The correlation between stretch shorten cycle and stretch work was weak but significant. Comparison of methods that assess lowerbody stretch. As such, the ability to predict 50% of the variance in ranks of these skaters indicates that the stretch shortening cycle and stretch shortening cycle related fatigue are probably crucial factors in figure skaters performance. This zelastic recoil is what helps produce increased muscular force which. Due to its dependence on active stretch it is plausible that the force enhancement property of muscle may play a role in stretchshorten cycle movements, specifically vertical jump. Examining the stretch shortening cycle by larry strong. Stretchshortening cycle characteristics during vertical jumps carried out with small and large range of motion.
The stretch shortening cycle ssc is a fairly wellaccepted theory in exercise science that has a boring definition of a stretch shortening cycle ssc can be defined as an active stretch eccentric contraction of a muscle followed by an immediate shortening concentric contraction of that same muscle. The 8 best fat loss exercises for men over 40 try these today duration. The correlation between stretchshorten cycle and stretch work was weak but significant. Stretch shorten cycle performance enhancement through. Yet, the mechanisms most responsible for the contribution of the active prestretch to enhanced performance of skeletal muscle in stretchshorten cycle ssc contraction patterns. Learn stretch shortening cycle with free interactive flashcards. Oct 23, 20 a stretch shorten cycle ssc is an active stretch of a muscle followed by an immediate shortening of that same muscle. The increased performance benefit associated with muscle contractions that take place during sscs has been the focus of much research in order to determine. Stretchshorten cycle compared with isometric preload american.
Oct 08, 2012 the stretch shortening cycle, which is synonymous with, jumping or plyometric exercises are an excellent way to improve muscular strength, power, and speed. Describing the stretch shortening cycle and how you can use. As such, the ability to predict 50% of the variance in ranks of these skaters indicates that the stretchshortening cycle and stretchshortening cyclerelated fatigue are probably crucial factors in figure skaters performance. A stretchshortening cycle ssc is an active stretch eccentric contraction of a muscle followed by an immediate shortening concentric contraction of that same muscle. Komi pv 1984 physiological and biomechanical correlates of muscle function.
The basic muscle function is defined as the stretchshortening cycle ssc, where the preactivated muscle is first stretched eccentric action and. It is argued that for discrete movements such as the vertical. This is a very common response that shows that many people are unaware that functional movements. Does elastic energy enhance work and efficiency in the stretchshortening cycle. Shortening cycle in youths, strength and conditioning journal. Sep 18, 2012 the stretch shortening cycle ssc employs the energy storage capabilities of the elastic components sec and stimulation of the stretch reflex to facilitate a maximal increase in muscle recruitment over a minimal amount of time. Does force enhancement occur during the stretchshorten. There is the muscle spindle wants to speed up contraction, the golgi tendon wants to slow down contraction, the muscular continue reading stretch. In ssc exercises the action of the muscle during the eccentric. A stretchshortening cycle ssc is a combination of an eccentric and a concentric muscle action. Some human movements naturally exhibit a stretch shortening cycle, and it can also be seen in specific techniques used in sports to. The stretchshortening cycle ssc refers to the prestretch or countermovement action that is commonly observed during typical human movements such as jumping.
Changes in the eccentric phase contribute to improved stretch. The easy and short definition of a stretch shortening cycle is when a muscle eccentrically lengthens before concentrically shortening. The basic muscle function is defined as the stretch shortening cycle ssc, where the preactivated muscle is first stretched eccentric action and then followed by the shortening concentric action. Eightysix national collegiate athletic association division i athletes from 6 different sports performed 2 squat jumps and 2 countermovement jumps on a force platform. In this tennis forehand technique advanced drill, youll find out something that you must get right to get huge speed. Ssc consists of a rapid eccentric contraction followed immediately by a concentric one on the same muscle group norman and komi. Due to its dependence on active stretch it is plausible that the force enhancement property of muscle may play a role in stretch shorten cycle movements, specifically vertical jump.
Does elastic energy enhance work and efficiency in the stretch shortening cycle. When a muscle is stretched, its natural tendency is to rebound back to its resting state. In biomechanical terms, this is an eccentric contraction followed by a concentric contraction. Twelve experienced male weight lifters performed a rebound bench press and a purely concentric bench press lift. Does elastic energy enhance work and efficiency in the. The purpose of this study was to compare 4 methods that assess the lowerbody stretch shortening cycle ssc utilization of athletes.
Stretch shortening cycle paavo v komi the nature of the stretch shortening cycle in chapter 1 muscle exercises were classified primarily into static and dynamic types. Gender and maturation differences in singaporean youths. The stretchshortening cycle theory in pitching mechanics. Since ssc is a very wellknown phenomenon, numerous studies have been conducted on this topic 3, 4.
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